Utilización de Leucaena leucocephala en el levante de ovinos africanos en el Piedemonte Llanero, Colombia

The objective of this project was to evaluate the leucaena (Leucahena lecucephala) as a supplement in sheep grazing. Using 12 males African (Sudanese), average weight of 14.45 kg, with a base diet of braquiaria (B. decumbens), the sheeps were randomly distributed entirely to the three replications and four treatments: T1 (control): braquiaria, T2: braquiaria plus 1% of live animal weight of dry matter of leucaena (DML), T3 braquiaria, 1.5 % of DML and T4: braquiaria plus 2.0% of DML. The sheep remained in bands divided with electric fence and were rotated daily. The sheeps were weigthed every seven days during the two months. In four sheeps, with a weight of 15 kg were housed in metabolic cages, were given the same treatments to assess the digestibility in vivo. At the braquiaria and leucaena were analyzed for estimate dry matter, protein, fat, Crude fiber, and ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) The collected excreta were also analized to determinate the same nutrients of the forages. With this information were calculated digestibility coefficients (COD) and total digestible nutrients (TDN). The protein content in leucaena is 19.3%, while that of grass is 8.5% 2.29 times that of the legume compared with grass. The digestibility of DM and protein were higher (P>0.05) in T3 and T4, compared with the other two treatments. The total weight gains and daily were higher (P>0.05) for T3 and T2 followed by T4 that are higher (P> 0.05) at T1. The DM intakes were higher (P>0.05) T1 and T4 and T3 compared with T2. The best feed conversion (P>0.05) on DM intake was T3 followed by T2, T4 and T1. Undoubtedly, using leucaena fed to ruminants as a supplement to a grass is advantageous because its nutrient content allows it to offer a balanced diet without detriment to its productive indices, especially in areas where forages are of low quality.El objetivo de este proyecto fue evaluar la L. lecucephala como suplemento en ovinos de levante en pastoreo. Se utilizaron 12 machos tipo africano (sudaneses), peso promedio de 14.45 Kg, con una dieta base de B. decumbens, los ovinos se distribuyeron completamente al azar tres repeticiones y cuatro tratamientos: T1: (testigo) braquiaria, T2: braquiaria más el 1% del peso vivo del animal, en materia seca de leucaena (MSL), T3: braquiaria, 1.5% de MSL y T4: braquiaria más el 2.0% de MSL. Los ovinos se mantuvieron en franjas divididas con cerca eléctrica y diariamente se rotaban. Los pesajes se tomaron cada 7 días durante los dos meses. Para las pruebas de digestibilidad, se utilizaron cuatro ovinos machos, peso promedio de 15 kilos y se estabularon en jaulas metabólicas, se les suministraron los mismos tratamientos para evaluar la digestibilidad in vivo. Al pasto braquiaria y a la leucaena se les realizaron análisis proximal (materia seca proteína, grasa, fibra cruda, cenizas) y determinación de fibra detergente neutro (FDN) y fibra detergente ácido (FDA). A las excretas recolectadas también se realizaron los mismos análisis de los forrajes, se calcularon los coeficientes de digestibilidad (COD) y los nutrientes digestibles totales (NDT). El contenido de proteína de la leucaena es de 19.3%, mientras que la del pasto es de 8.5%, es 2.29 veces más la de la leguminosa comparada con la del pasto. Las digestibilidades de MS y proteína fueron superiores (P>0.05) en los tratamientos T3 y T4, con relación a los otros dos. Las ganancias de peso total y diaria fueron superiores (P>0.05) para T3 seguido de T4 y T2 que son mayores (P>0.05) a T1. Los consumos de MS fueron más elevados (P>0.05) en T1 y T4 con relación a T3 y T2. La mejor conversión alimenticia (P>0.05) sobre el consumo de MS fue para T3 seguido de T2, T4 y T1. Indudablemente, utilizar la leucaena para la alimentación de rumiantes como suplemento de una gramínea es ventajoso porque su contenido nutricional le permite ofrecer una dieta balanceada al animal sin detrimento de sus índices productivos, sobre todo en zonas donde los forrajes son de baja calidad

Isotemporal substitution of inactive time with physical activity and time in bed: cross-sectional associations with cardiometabolic health in the PREDIMEDPlus study

Background: This study explored the association between inactive time and measures of adiposity, clinical parameters, obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome components. It further examined the impact of reallocating inactive time to time in bed, light physical activity (LPA) or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on cardio-metabolic risk factors, including measures of adiposity and body composition, biochemical parameters and blood pressure in older adults. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 2189 Caucasian men and women (age 55-75 years, BMI 27-40 Kg/m2) from the PREDIMED-Plus study (http://www.predimedplus.com/). All participants had ≥3 components of the metabolic syndrome. Inactive time, physical activity and time in bed were objectively determined using triaxial accelerometers GENEActiv during 7 days (ActivInsights Ltd., Kimbolton, United Kingdom). Multiple adjusted linear and logistic regression models were used. Isotemporal substitution regression modelling was performed to assess the relationship of replacing the amount of time spent in one activity for another, on each outcome, including measures of adiposity and body composition, biochemical parameters and blood pressure in older adults. Results: Inactive time was associated with indicators of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Reallocating 30 min per day of inactive time to 30 min per day of time in bed was associated with lower BMI, waist circumference and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (all p-values < 0.05). Reallocating 30 min per day of inactive time with 30 min per day of LPA or MVPA was associated with lower BMI, waist circumference, total fat, visceral adipose tissue, HbA1c, glucose, triglycerides, and higher body muscle mass and HDL cholesterol (all p-values < 0.05). Conclusions: Inactive time was associated with a poor cardio-metabolic profile. Isotemporal substitution of inactive time with MVPA and LPA or time in bed could have beneficial impact on cardio-metabolic health

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.</p

Plasma lipid profiles discriminate bacterial from viral infection in febrile children

Fever is the most common reason that children present to Emergency Departments. Clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of bacterial infection ar

International nosocomial infection control consortium (INICC) report, data summary of 36 countries, for 2004-2009

The results of a surveillance study conducted by the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) from January 2004 through December 2009 in 422 intensive care units (ICUs) of 36 countries in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe are reported. During the 6-year study period, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN; formerly the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance system [NNIS]) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infections, we gathered prospective data from 313,008 patients hospitalized in the consortium's ICUs for an aggregate of 2,194,897 ICU bed-days. Despite the fact that the use of devices in the developing countries' ICUs was remarkably similar to that reported in US ICUs in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were significantly higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals; the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection in the INICC ICUs of 6.8 per 1,000 central line-days was more than 3-fold higher than the 2.0 per 1,000 central line-days reported in comparable US ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia also was far higher (15.8 vs 3.3 per 1,000 ventilator-days), as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (6.3 vs. 3.3 per 1,000 catheter-days). Notably, the frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to imipenem (47.2% vs 23.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (76.3% vs 27.1%), Escherichia coli isolates to ceftazidime (66.7% vs 8.1%), Staphylococcus aureus isolates to methicillin (84.4% vs 56.8%), were also higher in the consortium's ICUs, and the crude unadjusted excess mortalities of device-related infections ranged from 7.3% (for catheter-associated urinary tract infection) to 15.2% (for ventilator-associated pneumonia). Copyright © 2012 by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Using Leucaena leucocephala in africans sheeps in the Piedemonte Llanero, Colombia

El objetivo de este proyecto fue evaluar la L. lecucephala como suplemento en ovinos de levante en pastoreo. Se utilizaron 12 machos tipo africano (sudaneses), peso promedio de 14.45 Kg, con una dieta base de B. decumbens, los ovinos se distribuyeron completamente al azar tres repeticiones y cuatro tratamientos: T1: (testigo) braquiaria, T2: braquiaria más el 1% del peso vivo del animal, en materia seca de leucaena (MSL), T3: braquiaria, 1.5% de MSL y T4: braquiaria más el 2.0% de MSL. Los ovinos se mantuvieron en franjas divididas con cerca eléctrica y diariamente se rotaban. Los pesajes se tomaron cada 7 días durante los dos meses. Para las pruebas de digestibilidad, se utilizaron cuatro ovinos machos, peso promedio de 15 kilos y se estabularon en jaulas metabólicas, se les suministraron los mismos tratamientos para evaluar la digestibilidad in vivo. Al pasto braquiaria y a la leucaena se les realizaron análisis proximal (materia seca proteína, grasa, fibra cruda, cenizas) y determinación de fibra detergente neutro (FDN) y fibra detergente ácido (FDA). A las excretas recolectadas también se realizaron los mismos análisis de los forrajes, se calcularon los coeficientes de digestibilidad (COD) y los nutrientes digestibles totales (NDT). El contenido de proteína de la leucaena es de 19.3%, mientras que la del pasto es de 8.5%, es 2.29 veces más la de la leguminosa comparada con la del pasto. Las digestibilidades de MS y proteína fueron superiores (P&amp;gt;0.05) en los tratamientos T3 y T4, con relación a los otros dos. Las ganancias de peso total y diaria fueron superiores (P&amp;gt;0.05) para T3 seguido de T4 y T2 que son mayores (P&amp;gt;0.05) a T1. Los consumos de MS fueron más elevados (P&amp;gt;0.05) en T1 y T4 con relación a T3 y T2. La mejor conversión alimenticia (P&amp;gt;0.05) sobre el consumo de MS fue para T3 seguido de T2, T4 y T1. Indudablemente, utilizar la leucaena para la alimentación de rumiantes como suplemento de una gramínea es ventajoso porque su contenido nutricional le permite ofrecer una dieta balanceada al animal sin detrimento de sus índices productivos, sobre todo en zonas donde los forrajes son de baja calidad.The objective of this project was to evaluate the leucaena (Leucahena lecucephala) as a supplement in sheep grazing. Using 12 males African (Sudanese), average weight of 14.45 kg, with a base diet of braquiaria (B. decumbens), the sheeps were randomly distributed entirely to the three replications and four treatments: T1 (control): braquiaria, T2: braquiaria plus 1% of live animal weight of dry matter of leucaena (DML), T3 braquiaria, 1.5 % of DML and T4: braquiaria plus 2.0% of DML. The sheep remained in bands divided with electric fence and were rotated daily. The sheeps were weigthed every seven days during the two months. In four sheeps, with a weight of 15 kg were housed in metabolic cages, were given the same treatments to assess the digestibility in vivo. At the braquiaria and leucaena were analyzed for estimate dry matter, protein, fat, Crude fiber, and ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) The collected excreta were also analized to determinate the same nutrients of the forages. With this information were calculated digestibility coefficients (COD) and total digestible nutrients (TDN). The protein content in leucaena is 19.3%, while that of grass is 8.5% 2.29 times that of the legume compared with grass. The digestibility of DM and protein were higher (P&amp;gt;0.05) in T3 and T4, compared with the other two treatments. The total weight gains and daily were higher (P&amp;gt;0.05) for T3 and T2 followed by T4 that are higher (P&amp;gt; 0.05) at T1. The DM intakes were higher (P&amp;gt;0.05) T1 and T4 and T3 compared with T2. The best feed conversion (P&amp;gt;0.05) on DM intake was T3 followed by T2, T4 and T1. Undoubtedly, using leucaena fed to ruminants as a supplement to a grass is advantageous because its nutrient content allows it to offer a balanced diet without detriment to its productive indices, especially in areas where forages are of low quality